蜂群離奇消失　蜜蜂抑鬱死

[img]http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com//images/apple-photos/apple/20110627/large/27wc10pap.jpg[/img]
[size=8pt]蜜蜂也會抑鬱，也會沮喪。[/size]

「小蜜蜂，嗡嗡嗡，飛到西又飛到東，不怕風雨勤做工……」連童謠也讚揚的勤力蜜蜂，原來不是大家心想那樣堅毅耐勞，而是會像人那樣情緒低落和抑鬱，一旦遇到壓力，會失去活力和冒險精神，抑鬱到死。科學家相信，這正可能是近十年全球數以十億計蜜蜂離奇消失的原因。


[size=8pt][b]英大學測試　受搖晃失活力[/size][/b]
英國紐卡斯爾大學（ Newcastle University）蜜蜂研究所的科學家，找來 100隻工蜂測試。工蜂先要記住兩種不同氣味，兩種氣味分別會帶來甜食和苦食。接着分成兩組，一組要被用力搖晃 60秒，另一組則不用受此酷刑。之後，兩組工蜂要再嗅兩種氣味混合的新氣味，結果未受搖晃的工蜂精力依然旺盛，勇於探究新氣味是否帶來美食；受過搖晃的則全部失去活力和希望，不敢再冒險嘗新。
測試也顯示，受過搖晃的工蜂，體內多巴胺（ dopamine）和複合胺（ serotonin）水平，低於另一組蜜蜂。人類的腦袋都會產生這兩種化學物質，能影響一個人的情緒。
主持研究的貝特森（ Melissa Bateson）解釋，搖晃蜂群是要模仿蜂巢遭侵略對蜜蜂帶來的精神壓力，而殺蟲劑、疾病等都對野生蜜蜂有類似影響，測試顯示外來侵略和影響會令蜜蜂抑鬱。「焦慮沮喪的人，會變得悲觀；抑鬱的蜜蜂，則不願活動和探尋食物新來源。」
心情藍色的蜜蜂，不但危害蜂群的生存，更大大影響人類的食物供應──人類有多達 1/3糧食，包括多種蔬果，都要靠蜜蜂傳播花粉。但蜜蜂近年大規模消失，一些品種比 30年前減少了 95%，美國已有 1/3蜂群消失，科學家對於造成這個蜂群崩潰症候群（ Colony Collapse Disorder）現象的原因，未能達成一致看法，氣候變化、濫用殺蟲藥、疾病、城市化令郊區花草減少[節錄...]

來源:蘋果日報網站

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